The Anglo-Sikh wars were a series of 1840s conflicts between the British East India Trading Company and the Sikh Empire.
There were two Anglo–Sikh wars:
The first battle between the Sikhs and the English was fought at Mudki on December 18, 1845.The Sikhs were defeated. The English again won the battle at Firozpur on December 21.The Sikhs under Ranjit Singh Majithia however defeated the English at Buddwal in 1846.But the Sikhs were again defeated at Aliwal .The decisive battle was fought at Sobraon in 1846 and Sikhs were routed. The English then crossed the Sutlej and captured the capital of Lahore.
The war came to an end by the treaty of Lahore which was signed in 1846.This treaty left the Sikhs with no capacity for resisting the English. Another treaty was made with Sikhs in 1846 this treaty is known as Second treaty of Lahore or the treaty of Bhairowal.
The Sikhs considered their defeat in the first Sikh War a great humiliation. They had been accustomed to victories in the time of Ranjit Singh and this defeat gave a rude shock to their pride.
The Sikhs wanted to restore the fallen fortunes of their kingdom. Lord Gough the British Commander in Chief reached Lahore with the grand army of Punjab. Multan surrendered in 1849 and the Sikhs suffered a defeat at Chillianwala a few weeks later.
The final and decisive battle was won by the English at Gujarat and the whole of Punjab surrendered. The war resulted in the annexation of Punjab in 1849 by Lord Dalhousie and Dalip Singh was pensioned off and sent to England along with his mother Rani Jindan.The administration of the Punjab was entrusted to a Board of Commissioners.
The annexation of Punjab extended the British territories in India up to the natural frontiers of India towards the north-west. Beside after the destruction of Sikh power there remained no active power which could pose a threat to the security of the English in India.
There were two Anglo–Sikh wars:
- The First Anglo-Sikh War (1845–46)
- The Second Anglo-Sikh War (1848–49)
1. First Anglo- Sikh War (1845-1846)
The first battle between the Sikhs and the English was fought at Mudki on December 18, 1845.The Sikhs were defeated. The English again won the battle at Firozpur on December 21.The Sikhs under Ranjit Singh Majithia however defeated the English at Buddwal in 1846.But the Sikhs were again defeated at Aliwal .The decisive battle was fought at Sobraon in 1846 and Sikhs were routed. The English then crossed the Sutlej and captured the capital of Lahore.
The war came to an end by the treaty of Lahore which was signed in 1846.This treaty left the Sikhs with no capacity for resisting the English. Another treaty was made with Sikhs in 1846 this treaty is known as Second treaty of Lahore or the treaty of Bhairowal.
2. Second Anglo-Sikh War (1848-1849)
The Sikhs considered their defeat in the first Sikh War a great humiliation. They had been accustomed to victories in the time of Ranjit Singh and this defeat gave a rude shock to their pride.
The Sikhs wanted to restore the fallen fortunes of their kingdom. Lord Gough the British Commander in Chief reached Lahore with the grand army of Punjab. Multan surrendered in 1849 and the Sikhs suffered a defeat at Chillianwala a few weeks later.
The final and decisive battle was won by the English at Gujarat and the whole of Punjab surrendered. The war resulted in the annexation of Punjab in 1849 by Lord Dalhousie and Dalip Singh was pensioned off and sent to England along with his mother Rani Jindan.The administration of the Punjab was entrusted to a Board of Commissioners.
The annexation of Punjab extended the British territories in India up to the natural frontiers of India towards the north-west. Beside after the destruction of Sikh power there remained no active power which could pose a threat to the security of the English in India.
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